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Enterprises are the basic cells of the economy. The current business situation of enterprises is becoming more and more differentiated, and the growth of some high-pollution and high-energy-consuming industries has slowed down. The added value of high-tech industries represented by new energy vehicles and electronic communications in the first three quarters increased by 10.4% year-on-year, which is higher than that of industries above designated size. 4.2 percentage points higher. While some enterprises stopped production or even closed down, there were 3.159 million newly registered enterprises in the first three quarters, a year-on-year increase of nearly 20%.

1. A few happy companies and a few worry companies are "out of breath" and "slow down", and some companies "stop their feet" and "walk their legs"

"Since 2010, although the price of raw materials such as steel has also dropped, the sales price of our products has dropped by 40%, and the wages of workers have doubled. If there are no major orders, this year will be a loss again." The general manager of a power equipment company in Guangzhou Manager Mr. Wang said that in recent years, the market conditions have been poor, and many of our peers have closed down. "Banks have withdrawn and reluctant to lend, and there is a lot of pressure on funds. Maybe one day we will have to close our doors."

Nowadays, many business operators are facing greater pressure. "Three-phase superposition" makes some companies really sad.

Facing a two-way squeeze, some companies are "breathing".

On the one hand, Apple Computer began to set up factories in the United States, and Panasonic transferred the production of vertical washing machines and microwave ovens from China back to Japan; on the other hand, Nike, Uniqlo, Samsung and other companies opened new factories in Southeast Asia and India. "After the international financial crisis in 2008, the return of high-end manufacturing in developed countries and the competition for low-end manufacturing in low- and middle-income countries occurred at the same time, causing Chinese enterprises to face a two-way squeeze." said Miao Rong, deputy director of the research department of the China Enterprise Confederation.

Overcapacity still exists, and some companies "cannot slow down".

"In the past few years, there was excess alumina production capacity, and then it was electrolytic aluminum's turn. Later, in order to eliminate electrolytic aluminum production capacity on the spot, aluminum processing production lines were launched. Now, aluminum processing is also excessive, and orders are insufficient. Stop production." said Zhang Jilong, general manager of Southwest Aluminum Company.

The situation in the coal industry is not optimistic either. In the first half of the year, more than 70% of coal enterprises above designated size suffered losses. Behind this, coal production capacity has exceeded 5 billion tons, 1 billion tons higher than demand.

Some are happy and some are sad. Under the background of accelerated structural adjustment, while the overall growth rate of corporate profits is basically stable, the differentiation of their operating conditions is becoming more and more obvious. The added value of the high-tech industry in the first three quarters increased by 10.4% year-on-year, 4.2 percentage points higher than that of industries above designated size; while some enterprises stopped production or even closed down, there were 3.159 million newly registered enterprises in the first three quarters, an increase of nearly 20% year-on-year. It can be seen from this that not all companies have difficulties in operation, and many companies are living well, and some have even opened up a whole new situation.

Relying on product optimization, some companies "stand on their feet".

Since last year, the output and profit of Shenyang Machine Tool Group have been declining. To this end, they decided to optimize the product structure, and the sales of the new intelligent CNC machine tool I5 were hot. In the first half of the year, the output value of CNC machine tools accounted for 77% of the total output value of machine tools, an increase of 7 percentage points over last year.

Relying on technological innovation, some companies have "stripped their legs".

In the past few years, photovoltaics has rapidly degenerated from an emerging industry to an overcapacity industry. In 2012, when the whole industry was at the bottom, Jiangsu Trina Solar established the State Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Science and Technology. After the industry picked up, they relied on core technology to shake off their competitors. In the eyes of Chairman Gao Jifan, the photovoltaic industry lacks high-tech and high-quality production capacity, and innovation and transformation are the only choice.

2. Operational difficulties are due to reduced demand, increased costs, and a sluggish macro economy; weak technology, weak brand, and prominent shortcomings

Some enterprises have difficulties in operation. From the external factors, the macroeconomic factors have a significant impact on the downward pressure, low overall demand, and high labor costs; from the internal factors, the shortcomings of enterprises such as weak technology and weak brand are prominent.

The reduction in demand has caused some companies to encounter market bottlenecks.

"From 2001 to 2010, the average annual growth rate of all industrial added value in my country was 11.3%. It began to decline in 2011, and then the growth rate decreased year by year." According to Li Zibin, president of the Association of Small and Medium Enterprises, the speed of urban space expansion and the entry of cars into households The "three-speed" slowdown in the growth rate of real estate investment and real estate investment will reduce the total demand for industrial products in the whole society, and the manufacturing industry will inevitably be affected.

Rising costs have caused some companies to lose their traditional advantages.

For a long time, low cost has been a prominent comparative advantage of Chinese manufacturing. However, in recent years, the average annual growth rate of employee wages has exceeded 10%. At the same time, the structural shortage of labor is prominent, and the serious shortage of skilled workers and technical R&D personnel has also pushed up labor costs.

"Currently, the electricity price in the United States is only 5 cents/kWh, and some states have even introduced tariff-free policies, while my country's industrial electricity price was once 7 cents, more than double the price." Wang Shutian, president of the China Textile Machinery Association, said frankly that rising costs make traditional Manufacturing is under greater pressure.

The technology is not strong, which makes some enterprises fall into the passive position of competition.

"All manufacturing companies that are emerging in the market are willing to invest in technology research and development. The intensity of research and development investment of Huawei and ZTE is more than 10%." Zheng Xinli, president of the China Society of Industrial Economics, said that in technology-intensive, In knowledge-intensive industries, the R&D intensity should reach more than 10%; in traditional industries, it should reach more than 3%, and less than 2% means that enterprises are easily eliminated. At present, there are not many enterprises that can meet the standard in my country.

The brand is not strong, which makes some companies lack profitability.

"A shirt of the same quality from the same production line, with its own trademark, can only sell for a few hundred yuan; while with a trademark bought abroad, it can be sold for several thousand yuan." Zheng Xinli said that enterprises must Improve profitability and international competitiveness by increasing brand value.

3. Actively respond to the difficulties and grasp the dividends of innovation, opening up and reform, rely on quality improvement and efficiency upgrade, develop international markets, and improve systems and mechanisms to meet challenges

"Difficulties are only temporary. As long as we deal with them effectively, we will be able to overcome them." "Opportunities outweigh challenges, and the fundamentals of the economy have not changed." In the dilemma, business operators and economists still have expectations for the future .

Then, where is the way out for enterprises to get out of the predicament? Li Wei, director of the Development Research Center of the State Council, said that only by grasping the dividends of reform, opening up and innovation can enterprises cope with the various challenges brought about by the downward pressure on the economy.

—— Grasp the innovation dividend and tap new growth drivers by improving quality and efficiency and upgrading.

"In the face of shrinking demand, enterprises must continue to innovate and change. For an enterprise, if the products, technology, management, and marketing models remain unchanged for 5 or 10 years, then there is only one dead end." Li Zibin said .

"Enterprises should shift from 'spreading stalls' to 'going up the stairs' to enhance the industrial value chain and product added value." Wang Yiming, deputy director of the Development Research Center of the State Council, suggested that enterprises should intensify technological transformation and transformation and upgrading to promote Improve quality, increase efficiency and upgrade; make full use of intelligent manufacturing technology to develop new formats such as "Internet +"; strengthen research and development, design, standards, brand and supply chain management and other links to enhance core competitiveness. In Dongguan, Guangdong, the profit margin of Kaimo Household Products Company more than doubled after it became its own brand.

——Grasp the dividends of opening up, and win new development space by opening up the international market.

In the eyes of many companies, now is a good time to "go out". "Companies can try to acquire cutting-edge technologies on a global scale, which not only enhances technical strength, but also reduces R&D risks, in exchange for 'real money'." Zheng Yuanbao, chairman of People's Electric Appliances, has just acquired a batch of new technologies from the United States, some of which can still be used. fill the domestic gap. "With the implementation of the 'One Belt, One Road' strategy, Chinese companies will have more opportunities overseas." Li Wei believes that the global new round of industrial revolution and the accelerated pace of innovation will enable cross-border integration, industrial subversion and reshaping of industrial advantages in various countries. become the norm.

—— Grasp the dividends of reform and improve the development environment by changing the system and mechanism.

Promote the reform of state-owned enterprises by category, improve the modern enterprise system, improve the management system of state-owned assets, and develop the mixed-ownership economy... In September, the plan for deepening the reform of state-owned enterprises was published, and the reform pointed to the prominent contradictions of state-owned enterprises. With the gradual release of reform dividends, the vitality, control, influence and anti-risk capabilities of state-owned enterprises will be significantly enhanced in the future.

There are many possibilities for similar reform dividends. For example, improve the enterprise competition and exit mechanism. At present, some "zombie" enterprises have lost their ability to survive, but rely on the "blood transfusion" of the government or banks to survive. This requires improving the mechanism and accelerating the promotion of survival of the fittest, mergers and reorganizations. Another example is the optimization of the financial environment. "my country's residents save as much as 23 trillion yuan, but the real economy and major construction projects lack funds." Li Zibin believes that the reform of the financial, investment and financing, and fiscal and taxation systems must be promoted as a whole, especially to open up investment and financing channels to allow more Convert more savings into investment.